NGC/IC observers

Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke

25 June 2024

This is the most complete collection of data for 181 persons, contributing to the NGC/IC and mentioned by Dreyer (see here for a short German biography of John Louis Emil Dreyer). Most persons are discoverers, some are co-discoverers, listed in his column "other observers". A few names are from the notes or the table of "published figures" in the NGC.

597 photos are now online, showing persons, discoveries, observatories and instruments (just klick on the name). If you find errors, can fill gaps, or for any comment, please contact me. The columns are explained below the main table.

For persons who discovered (or re-discovered) an NGC/IC object a table like this is given in the sub-files (table is sorted by NGC- and IC-number):

D N NI Y M D Ap I T Discoverer Observer Name Con Type S ID Author Title Source List

1 N 6822 1884 8 17 6,0 Rr v Barnard's Galaxy SGR IBm 1 IC 4895 (Wolf 16.7.1906) Barnard, E. E. Sid. Mess. III, 254 (1884) 2

N 7513 1883 5,0 Rr v Marth 24.9.1864 SCL SBb/P 1 Barnard, E. E. New Nebula Sid. Mess. II, 226 (1883-84)

1 I 11 1892? 6,0 Rr p CAS EN 8 NGC 281 (Barnard 16.11.1881) Barnard, E. E. Logbook (Lick Observatory)

1 I 48 1888 11 30 12,0 Rr v CET S0 1 IC 1577 (Barnard 30.11.1888) Barnard, E. E. Two Probably Variable Nebulae AN [3097] 130, 7 (1892) a

I 59 1894 2 6 Roberts 17.1.1890 Wolf 30.12.1893 γ Cassiopeiae Nebula CAS EN 2 Barnard, E. E. Photographic Nebulosities and Star Clusters Astr. & Astro-Phys. 13, 177-182 (1894) 3

"1" in the first column ("D") means that the object was discovered by the person (not regarding identities with other NGC/IC objects). If blank the true discoverer is named in the column 9 ("Discoverer"). "Observer" lists other persons which have independently found the object. Column "List" gives the object designation in the first source (R1). Column "ID" gives the identitiy with another NGC/IC object (plus discoverer and date). The other columns are described in the explanation to the Historic NGC/IC.

The historic information given for each person is based on my scientific research over the last decades. Concerning the NGC, the full historic background has been published in August 2010 as "Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters - from Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue" by Cambridge University Press (a german version is on the market since January 2009; see button "Publications"). See also the NGC/IC statistic table.

See here for current important anniversaries of NGC/IC observers.

All data are copyright by the author and, if used in a publication or in other datasets, must be credited properly (please inform me in this case).

Additional note: The "NGC Discoverer's List", first presented in Dec. 2006 by Bob Erdmann on the NGC/IC project website, is a mere copy of the data presented here. Sadly, Erdmann has not given the necessary acknowledgment for using my data!

Princeton, N.J. x 23" Rr x

.

Explanations of columns

Column Explanation

Surname The country-specific spelling is used (especially for german persons)

First name The country-specific spelling is used (especially for german persons); bold = name by which one is called

P x = Photo available (person, instrument, observatory)

born, died Date in german style (dd.mm.yyyy)

Birthplace City, state or country

NGC, IC Number of discoveries from Historic NGCIC statistics. According to the status (S), only those objects are counted which are first observed by the person, taking into accout all identities (ID)!
c, f, i, n = only mentioned as co-discoverer, in table "figures", in the "introduction" or in the "notes"; no entry = otherwise relevant (see link)

Observatory observatory, country (bold = mentioned by Dreyer)

Instrument used for observation/discovery: Rr = refractor, Rl = reflector (bold = mentioned by Dreyer); something like "(14ft)" means 14 ft focal lengths.

Name	First name	P	born	Birthplace	died	NGC	IC	Observatory	P	Instruments	P
Abbott	Francis Preserved	x	12.8.1799	Derby, UK	18.2.1883	f		Rossbank/Hobart, TAS	x	4" Rr
Aitken	Robert Grant	x	31.12.1864	Jackson, Cal.	29.10.1951		1	Lick, USA	x	12" Rr, 36" Rr	x
Aratos		x	315 B.C.	Soli, GRE	245 B.C.	1		GRE		naked eye
Archenhold	Friedrich Simon	x	2.10.1861	Lichtenau, GER	14.10.1939			G�ttingen, GER		3" Rr
Aristoteles		x	384 B.C.	Stageira, GRE	322 B.C.	1		GRE		naked eye
Al-Sufi	Abd-al-Rahman	x	7.12.903	Raj, Persia	25.5.986	1	1	Persia		naked eye
Austin	Edward P.		1843	USA	1906	3		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Auwers	Georg Friedrich Julius Arthur v.	x	12.9.1838	G�ttingen, GER	24.01.1915	1		G�ttingen, GER; K�nigsberg, Ost-Preussen	x	2.6" Rr; 6.2" Heliometer	x
Bailey	Solon Irving	x	29.12.1854	Lisbon, New Hem.	05.06.1931		1	Arequipa, Peru	x	1" Rr	x
Baily	Francis	x	28.4.1774	Newbury, UK	30.8.1844	1		Slough, UK	x	18.7" Rl	x
Ball	Robert Stawell	x	1.7.1840	Dublin, IRL	25.11.1913	11		Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Baracchi	Pietro Paolo Giovanni Ernesto	x	25.2.1851	Florence, ITA	23.07.1926	2	5	Melbourne, AUS	x	48" Rl	x
Barnard	Edward Emerson	x	16.12.1857	Nashville, Tenn.	06.02.1923	17	143	Dyer/Nashville; Yerkes; Lick, USA	x	5" Rr, 6" Rr; 10" Rr; 12" Rr, 36" Rr	x
Baxendell	Joseph	x	19.4.1815	Bank Top, UK	7.10.1887	1		Birkdale, Southport, UK		6" Rr
Bellamy	Frank Arthur	x	17.10.1863	Oxford, UK	15.02.1936			Oxford, UK	x	12.2" Rr
Bevis	John		10.11.1695	Old Sarum, UK	6.11.1771	1		Stoke Newington, UK		3" Rr
Bianchini	Francesco	x	13.12.1662	Verona, ITA	2.3.1729	f		Verona, ITA
Bidschof	Friedrich	x	6.12.1864	Vienna, AUT	07.12.1915		2	Vienna, AUT	x	27" Rr	x
Bigourdan	Guillaume	x	6.4.1851	Sistels, FRA	28.02.1932	66	256	Toulouse; Paris, FRA	x	12" Rr	x
Block	Eugen		15.4.1847	Baldonu, Latvia	12.05.1912	c		Odessa, Ukraine	x	6.75" Rr
Bode	Johann Elert	x	19.1.1747	Hamburg, GER	23.11.1826	4		Berlin, GER	x	Rr (3.5 ft)
Bond	George Phillips		20.5.1825	Dorchester, Mass.	17.2.1865	11		Harvard, USA	x	4" Rr, 15" Rr	x
Borrelly	Alphonse Louis Nicholas	x	8.12.1842	Roquemaure, FRA	28.02.1926	5		Marseille, FRA	x	7.2" Rr	x
Bradley	James	x	18.3.1693	Sherbourne, UK	13.7.1762	1		Oxford, UK		2.5" Rr
Brisbane	Thomas Makdougall	x	23.7.1773	Ayrshire, Scot.	27.1.1860	c		Parramatta, AUS	x	3.25" Rr
Brorsen	Theodor Johann Christian Ambders	x	29.7.1819	Norburg, DAN	31.3.1895	1		Senftenberg (Zamberk), B�hmen		9.6" Rr
Bruhns	Carl Christian	x	22.11.1830	Pl�n, GER	25.7.1881	1		Berlin, GER	x	Rr
Burnham	Sherbourne Wesley	x	12.12.1838	Thetford, Vermont	11.03.1921	5	21	Dearborn; Lick; Yerkes, USA	x	6" Rr, 18.5" Rr; 36" Rr; 40" Rr	x
Burton	Charles Edward		16.9.1846	Bernton, UK	9.7.1882			Birr Castle, IRL	x	72" Rl	x
Cacciatore	Niccol�	x	27.1.1780	Casteltermini, ITA	28.1.1841	1		Palermo, ITA	x	3" Rr
Cassini	Giovanni Domenico	x	8.6.1625	Perinaldo, ITA	14.9.1712	1		Paris, FRA	x	5" Rr
Cerulli	Vincenzo	x	20.4.1859	Teramo, ITA	31.05.1927		n	Teramo, ITA	x	16" Rr	x
Chacornac	Jean	x	21.6.1823	Lyon, FRA	23.9.1873	1		Paris, FRA	x	10" Rr
Clemens	Paul Ewald Felix Hugo		20.10.1862	Sorau, GER	22.12.1936			Potsdam, GER	x	10.5" Rr	x
Coddington	Edwin Foster	x	24.6.1870	Miami Co., Ohio	21.12.1950		1	Lick, USA	x	6" Rr	x
Coggia	Jerome Eugene		18.2.1849	Ajaccio, Corse	15.01.1919	1		Marseille, FRA	x	9.6" Rr	x
Common	Andrew Ainslie	x	7.8.1841	Newcastle-on-Tyne, UK	02.06.1903	29		Ealing, UK	x	36" Rl	x
Coolidge	Phillip Sydney	x	22.8.1830	Boston, Mass.	19.9.1863	9		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Cooper	Edward Joshua	x	1.5.1798	Dublin, IRL	23.4.1863	7		Markree Castle, IRL	x	13.5" Rr	x
Copeland	Ralph	x	3.9.1837	Woodplumpton, UK	27.10.1905	34		Birr Castle, IRL; Dun Echt, Scot.	x	72" Rl; 6.1" Rr; 15.1" Rr	x
Cysat	Johann Baptist	x	1587	Luzern, SWI	3.3.1657	c		Ingolstadt, GER
Darquier	Antoine de Pellepoix	x	23.11.1718	Toulouse, FRA	18.1.1802			Toulouse, FRA		3.5" Rr
d'Arrest	Heinrich Louis	x	13.7.1822	Berlin, GER	14.6.1875	306		Leipzig, GER; Copenhagen, DAN	x	4.6" Rr, 11" Rr	x
de Cheseaux	Jean Phillippe Loys	x	4.5.1718	Lausanne, SWI	30.11.1751	6	2	Lausanne, SWI	x	(14ft) Rr, (2ft) Rl
Denning	William Frederick	x	25.11.1848	Redpost, UK	09.06.1931		17	Bristol, UK		10" Rl	x
Dreyer	Johann Louis Emil	x	13.2.1852	Kopenhagen, Dan.	14.09.1926	16	1	Birr Castle, Armagh, Dunsink IRL	x	72" Rl	x
Duner	Nils Christoffer	x	21.5.1839	Billeberga, SWE	10.11.1914	1		Lund, SWE	x	9.6" Rr	x
Dunlop	James	x	31.10.1793	Dalry, Scot.	22.9.1848	269	10	Parramatta, AUS	x	9" Rl
Ellery	Robert Lewis John	x	14.7.1827	Cranleigh, UK	14.01.1908	f		Melbourne, AUS	x	48" Rl	x
Engelhardt	Basilius v. [Vasily Pavlovich]	x	29.7.1828	Smolensk, RUS	17.05.1915		1	Dresden, GER	x	12" Rr	x
Engelmann	Friedrich Wilhelm Rudolf	x	1.6.1841	Leipzig, GER	28.3.1888			Leipzig, GER	x	6" Rr
Espin	Thomas Henry Espinall Compton	x	28.5.1858	Birmingham, UK	02.12.1934		18	Tow Law, UK		17.25" Rl
Ferrari	Gaspare Stanislao		23.10.1834	Bologna, ITA	20.06.1903	14		Igantius Church/Rome, ITA	x	9.5" Rr	x
Finlay	William Henry	x	17.6.1849	Liverpool, UK	07.12.1924		4	Cape Town, SA	x	6" Rr, 7" Rr	x
Flamsteed	John	x	19.8.1646	Denby, UK	31.12.1719	1		Greenwich, UK	x	9.7" Rr
Fleming	Williamina Paton Stevens	x	15.5.1857	Dundee, Scotl.	21.05.1911		45	Harvard, USA	x	Spectroscope	x
Frost	Royal Harwood	x	25.2.1879	Salem, Mass.	11.05.1950		444	Arequipa, Peru	x	24" Rr	x
Gale	Walter Frederick	x	27.11.1865	Sydney, AUS	01.06.1945		1	Sydney, AUS	x	8.5" Rr	x
Gothard	Eugen v.	x	31.5.1857	Her�ny, HUN	29.05.1909			Her�ny, HUN		10.25" Rl	x
Gruss	Gustav		3.8.1854	Jitschin, CZ	23.09.1922			Prag Univ. Obs., CZ		6" Rr
Hagen	Johann Georg	x	6.3.1847	Bregenz, AUT	05.09.1930			Georgetown Coll. Obs., USA; Vatican Obs., ITA	x	12" Rr; 16" Rr	x
Hahn	Friedrich v.		27.7.1742	Neuhaus, GER	9.10.1805			Remplin, GER	x	18" Rl	x
Hall	Asaph	x	15.10.1829	Goshen, Conn.	22.11.1907	1		US Naval/Washington, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Halley	Edmond	x	29.10.1656	Haggerston, UK	14.1.1742	2		Oxford, UK		Rr (24 ft)
Harding	Karl Ludwig	x	29.9.1765	Lauenburg, GER	31.8.1834	1		G�ttingen, GER	x	4" Rr	x
Harrington	Mark Walrod	x	18.8.1848	Sycamore, Ill.	05.01.1926	1		Ann Arbor, USA	x	12.5" Rr	x
Hartwig	Carl Ernst Albrecht	x	14.1.1851	Frankfurt, GER	03.05.1923	5		Strasbourg, FRA	x	6.8" Rr, 18" Rr	x
Helmert	Friedrich Robert	x	31.7.1843	Freiberg, Sachsen	15.06.1917	f		Potsdam, GER	x	11.75" Rr
Henry	Paul-Pierre	x	21.8.1848	Nancy, FRA	04.01.1905	1	1	Paris, FRA	x	13" Rr	x
Henry	Mathieu-Prosper	x	10.12.1849	Nancy, FRA	25.07.1903	1	1	Paris, FRA	x	13" Rr	x
Herschel	Caroline Lucretia	x	16.3.1750	Hannover, GER	9.1.1848	10		Datchet; Slough, UK	x	Rr, 4.2" Rl	x
Herschel	John Frederick William	x	7.3.1792	Slough, UK	11.5.1871	1648	1	Slough, UK; Feldhausen, SA	x	18.25" Rl	x
Herschel	John Lt		1837	Feldhausen, SA	31.05.1921	f		Bangalore, IND		4" Rr, 5" Rr
Herschel	Friedrich Wilhelm [William]	x	15.11.1738	Hannover, GER	25.8.1822	2446	8	Bath; Datchet; Slough, UK	x	6.2" Rl, 12" Rl, 18.7" Rl, 48" Rl	x
Hind	John Russell	x	12.5.1823	Nottingham, UK	23.12.1895	3		Bishop's Obs./Regents Park, London, UK	x	7" Rr	x
Hipparchus		x	190 B.C.	Nikaia, GRE	125 B.C.	2		Rhodos, GRE		naked eye
Hodierna	Giovanni Battista	x	13.4.1597	Ragusa, Sizilien	6.4.1660	12		Ragusa, ITA		Rr
Holden	Edward Singleton	x	5.11.1846	St. Louis, Missouri	16.03.1914	17		Washburn/Madison, Wisc.	x	15.6" Rr	x
Hough	George "Jupiter" Washington	x	24.10.1836	Tribes Hill, N.Y.	01.01.1909	4		Dearborn; Dudley, USA	x	18.5" Rr	x
Howe	Herbert Alonzo	x	22.11.1858	Brockport, N.Y.	02.11.1926		56	Chamberlin/Denver, USA	x	20" Rr	x
Hunter	Samuel			IRL		2		Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Ihle	Johann Abraham		14.6.1627	Leipzig, GER	1699?	1		Leipzig, GER
Innes	Robert Thorburn Ayton	x	10.11.1861	Edinburgh, Scotl.	13.03.1933		13	Cape Town, SA	x	6" Rr, 7" Rr	x
Javelle	Stephane	x	16.11.1864	Lyon, FRA	03.08.1917		1347	Nice, FRA	x	30" Rr	x
Keeler	James Edward	x	10.9.1857	La Salle, Ill.	12.08.1900		7	Lick, USA	x	36" Rl	x
Key	Henry Cooper	x	1819	Hereford, UK	25.12.1879	f		Hereford, UK		18" Rl
Kirch	Gottfried	x	18.12.1639	Guben, GER	25.7.1710	2		Potsdam, GER
Kobold	Hermann Albert	x	5.8.1858	Hannover, GER	11.06.1942		37	Strasbourg, FRA	x	18" Rr	x
Koehler	Johann Gottfried		15.12.1745	Gauernick, GER	19.9.1801	6		Dresden, GER		Rr (6ft), Rr (10ft), Rl (8ft)
Kr�ger	Karl Nikolaus Adalbert	x	3.12.1832	Marienburg, GER	21.4.1896	f		Helsinki, FIN; Gotha, Kiel, GER	x	7" Rr
Lacaille	Nicolas-Louis de	x	15.3.1713	Rumigny, FRA	21.3.1762	23	3	Cape Town, SA		0.5" Rr	x
Lalande	Joseph-Jerome le Francois de	x	11.7.1732	Bourg-en-Bresse, FRA	4.4.1807	c		Paris, FRA	x
Lamont	Johann v.	x	31.12.1805	Braemar, Scot.	6.8.1879	f		M�nchen, GER	x	10.5" Rr	x
Lamp	Ernst		4.4.1850	Kopperpahl, GER	10.05.1901			Kiel, GER		8" Rr
Langley	Samuel Pierpont	x	22.8.1834	Roxbury, Mass.	27.02.1906	1		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Lassell	William	x	18.6.1799	Bolton, UK	5.10.1880	4		Liverpool, UK; Malta	x	24" Rl; 48" Rl	x
Laugier	Paul August [Ernest]	x	22.12.1812	Paris, FRA	5.4.1872	i		Paris, FRA	x	15" Rr	x
Leavenworth	Francis Preserved	x	3.9.1858	Mount Vernon, Ind.	12.11.1928	250	3	McCormick/Charlottesville, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Legentil	Guillaume Hyazinthe	x	11.9.1725	Coutances, FRA	22.10.1792	1		Paris, FRA	x
Le Sueur	Adolphus Albert	x	8.12.1849	UK	25.04.1906	f		Melbourne, AUS	x	48" Rl	x
Lohse	J. Gerhard	x	10.1.1851	F�nfhausen, GER	02.01.1941	15		Scarborough, UK		15.5" Rr	x
Lohse	Wilhelm Oswald	x	13.2.1845	Leipzig, GER	14.05.1915	f		Potsdam, GER	x	32" Rr	x
Lunt	Joseph		6.7.1866	Edgerton, UK	1940		7	Cape Town, SA	x	18" Rr, 24" Rr	x
MacGeorge	E. Farie			AUS		f		Melbourne, AUS	x	48" Rl	x
Magellan	Fernando de	x	1480	Sabrosa, POR	27.4.1521			Ship		naked eye
Mairan	Jean-Jacques Dortous de	x	26.11.1678	Beziers, FRA	20.2.1771	1		Paris, FRA	x
Maraldi	Jean-Dominique	x	17.4.1709	Perinaldo, ITA	14.11.1788	2		Paris, FRA	x
Marth	Albert	x	5.5.1828	Kolberg, GER	5.8.1897	578	1	Malta	x	48" Rl	x
Marius	Simon	x	10.1.1573	Gunzenhausen, GER	5.1.1625			Gunzenhausen		Rr
Mason	Ebenezer Porter		7.12.1819	Washington, Conn.	26.12.1840			New Haven, Conn.		12" Rl
Mechain	Pierre Francois Andre	x	16.8.1744	Laon, FRA	20.9.1804	26		Paris, FRA	x	3" Rr
Messier	Charles-Joseph	x	26.6.1730	Badonviller, FRA	12.4.1817	38	1	Hotel de Cluny/Paris, FRA	x	3.5" Rr, 7" Rl
Mitchell	R. J.			IRL		85	3	Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Muller	Frank		10.9.1862	Va., USA	19.04.1917	79	12	McCormick/Charlottesville, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Oppenheim	Samuel	x	19.11.1857	Braunsberg, M�hren	15.08.1928	1		Vienna, AUT	x	12" Rr	x
Oriani	Barnaba	x	17.7.1752	Carignano, ITA	12.11.1832	1		Brera, Mailand, ITA	x	3.6" Rr	x
Palisa	Johann	x	6.12.1848	Troppau, Schlesien	02.05.1925	7	1	Vienna, AUT	x	12" Rr, 27" Rr	x
Parrish	N. M.			USA			5	McCormick/Charlottesville, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Parsons	Lawrence, 4. Earl of Rosse	x	17.11.1840	Birr Castle, IRL	30.08.1908	35		Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Parsons	William, 3. Earl of Rosse	x	17.6.1800	York, UK	31.10.1867	2		Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Pech�le	Carl Frederick	x	8.6.1843	Copenhagen, DAN	28.05.1914	2	3	Copenhagen, DAN	x	11" Rr	x
Peek	Cuthbert Edgar	x	30.1.1855	UK	08.07.1901	f		Rousdon Observatory, Lyme Regis, UK	x	6.4" Rr	x
Peirce	Charles Sanders	x	10.9.1840	Cambridge, Mass.	19.04.1914	1		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Peiresc	Nicolas-Claude Fabri de	x	1.12.1580	Belgentier, FRA	24.6.1637	1		Aix-en-Provence, FRA
Peters	Christian Heinrich Friedrich	x	19.9.1813	Coldenb�ttel, GER	18.7.1890	14		Litchfield Obs./Hamilton Coll./Clinton, N.Y.	x	13.5" Rr	x
Petersen	Adolph Cornelius		28.7.1804	Schleswig, GER	3.2.1854			Altona, GER		7" Rr
Pickering	Edward Charles	x	19.7.1846	Boston, USA	03.02.1919	15	2	Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr, Spectroscope	x
Pigott	Edward	x	1753	Whitton, UK	1825	1		Frampton House, UK		5" Rl
Pihl	Oluf Andreas L�wold		5.12.1822	Stavanger, NOR	1.7.1895	f		Christiana, DAN		3.25" Rr
Porter	Jermain Gildersleve	x	8.1.1852	Bufallo, N.Y.	14.04.1933			Cincinnati, USA	x	12" Rr, 16" Rr	x
Ptolemy	Claudius	x	87	GRE	165	1		Alexandria, Egypt		naked eye
Rambaut	William Hautenville	x	13.4.1822	IRL	26.8.1893	1		Birr Castle, IRL	x	36" Rl, 72" Rl	x
Reinmuth	Karl Wilhelm	x	4.4.1892	Heidelberg, GER	06.05.1979			Heidelberg, GER	x	6" Rr	x
Roberts	Isaac	x	27.1.1829	Groes, North Wales	17.07.1904		34	Crowborough, UK	x	20" Rl	x
Rondoni	Francesco					f		Roman Coll., ITA	x	6" Rr	x
R�mker	George Friedrich Wilhelm	x	31.12.1832	Hamburg, GER	03.03.1900	1		Hamburg (Millerntor), GER	x	4" Rr
Russell	Henry Chamberlaine	x	17.3.1836	West Maitland, AUS	22.02.1907	f		Sydney, AUS	x	8.5" Rr	x
Safford	Truman Henry	x	6.1.1836	Royalton, Verm.	13.06.1901	28	39	Harvard; Dearborn, USA	x	15" Rr; 18.5" Rr	x
Schaeberle	Johann Martin	x	10.1.1853	�schelbronn, GER	17.09.1924		1	Lick, USA	x	36" Rr	x
Scheiner	Julius	x	25.11.1858	K�ln, GER	20.12.1913	f		Potsdam, GER	x	4" Rr
Schmidt	Johann Friedrich Julius	x	26.10.1825	Eutin, GER	8.1.1884	16		Athens, GRE	x	6.2" Rr	x
Sch�nfeld	Eduard	x	22.12.1828	Hildburghausen, GER	1.5.1891	4		Bonn; Mannheim, GER	x	3" Rr; 6" Rr	x
Schultz	Per Magnus Herman	x	7.7.1823	Nygvarn, SWE	8.5.1890	12		Uppsala, SWE	x	9.6" Rr	x
Schwassmann	Friedrich Carl Arnold	x	25.3.1870	Hamburg, GER	19.01.1964		147	Heidelberg, GER	x	6" Rr	x
Schweizer	Kaspar Gottfried	x	16.2.1816	Wyla, SWI	6.7.1873	1		Moscow, RUS	x	7" Rr
Searle	George Mary	x	27.6.1839	London, UK	07.07.1918	6		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Secchi	Pietro Angelo	x	29.6.1818	Reggio Emilla, ITA	26.2.1878	c		Ignatius church/Rome, ITA	x	9.5" Rr	x
Skinner	Aaron Nichols	x	10.8.1845	Boston, Mass.	14.08.1918	1	3	Dearborn, USA	x	18.5" Rr	x
Smyth	William Henry	x	21.1.1788	Westminster, UK	9.9.1865	f		Bedford, UK	x	5.5" Rr	x
Spitaler	Rudolf Ferdinand	x	7.1.1859	Bleiberg, AUT	16.10.1946		64	Vienna, AUT	x	27" Rr	x
Stephan	Jean Marie Edouard	x	31.8.1837	St. Pezenne, FRA	31.12.1923	430	22	Marseille, FRA	x	31" Rl	x
Stewart	DeLisle	x	16.3.1870	USA	08.02.1941		649	Arequipa, Peru; Cincinnati, USA	x	24" Rr; 12" Rr, 16" Rr	x
Stone	Ormond	x	11.1.1847	Pekin, Ill.	17.01.1933	87	8	McCormick/Charlottesville, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Stoney	Bindon Blood	x	13.6.1829	Oakley Park, IRL	05.05.1909	92	7	Birr Castle, IRL	x	72" Rl	x
Stoney	George Johnstone	x	15.2.1826	Oakley Park, IRL	05.07.1911	50		Birr Castle, IRL	x	72" Rl	x
Stratonov	Vsevolod Viktorovich	x	4.4.1869	Odessa, RUS	06.07.1938		1	Taschkent, USB		6" Rr
Struve	Otto Wilhelm v.	x	7.5.1819	Dorpat, Estland	14.01.1905	11		Pulkowa, RUS	x	15" Rr	x
Struve	Friedrich Georg Wilhelm v.	x	15.4.1793	Altona, GER	23.11.1864	6		Dorpat, Estl.; Pulkowa, RUS	x	9.6" Rr	x
Swift	Edward	x	24.12.1870	Rochester, N.Y.	25.09.1935	24	20	Warner/Rochester, USA	x	16" Rr	x
Swift	Lewis	x	29.2.1820	Clarkson, N.Y.	05.01.1913	460	428	Warner/Rochester; Lowe/Echo Mtn., USA	x	4.5" Rr; 12" Rr, 16" Rr	x
Tempel	Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht	x	4.12.1821	Niedercunnersdorf, GER	16.3.1889	141		Marseille, FRA; Arcetri, ITA	x	4" Rr; 9.4" Rr; 11" Rr	x
Thome	John Macon	x	22.8.1843	Palmyra, Penns.	27.09.1908		5	Cordoba, ARG	x	4.9" Rr
Todd	David Peck	x	19.3.1855	Lake Ridge, N.Y.	01.06.1939	8	2	US Naval/Washington, USA	x	26" Rr	x
Trouvelot	Etienne Leopold	x	26.12.1827	Guyancourt, FRA	22.4.1895	f	1	Harvard; US Naval/Washington, USA	x	15" Rr, 26" Rr	x
Tucker	Richard Hawley	x	29.10.1859	Wiscasset, Me	31.03.1952			Lick, USA	x	36" Rr	x
Turner	Joseph	x	2.7.1825	Dumfries, Scotland	25.8.1883	f	5	Melbourne Obs., AUS	x	48" Rl	x
Tuttle	Horace Parnell	x	17.3.1837	USA	16.8.1923			Harvard; US Naval/Washington, USA	x	4" Rr; 26" Rr	x
Valentiner	Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Johannes	x	22.2.1845	Eckernf�rde, GER	01.04.1931	f		Karlsruhe; Heidelberg, GER	x	6" Rr	x
Vespucci	Amerigo	x	9.3.1451	Florenz, ITA	22.2.1512	1		Ship		naked eye
Vico	Francesco de	x	19.5.1805	Macerata, ITA	15.11.1848	f		Roman Coll., ITA	x	6" Rr	x
Vogel	Hermann Carl	x	3.4.1841	Leipzig, GER	13.08.1907	f		Leipzig, GER	x	8" Rr	x
Voigt	Auguste		18.1.1828	Gevrey-Chambertin,FRA	12.03.1909	8	6	Marseille, FRA	x	31" Rl	x
Webb	Thomas William	x	14.12.1806	Tretire, UK	19.5.1885	c	1	Hardwick, UK		9.38" Rl
Wendell	Oliver Clinton	x	7.5.1850	Dover, N.H.	05.11.1912			Harvard, USA	x	9" Rr, 15" Rr	x
Wilson	Herbert Couper	x	24.8.1858	Northfield, Min.	09.03.1940		2	Goodsell/Northfield, Minn.	x	16.2" Rr	x
Winlock	Joseph	x	6.2.1826	Shelbyville, Kent.	11.6.1875	2		Harvard, USA	x	15" Rr	x
Winnecke	Friedrich August Theodor	x	5.2.1835	Gro�-Heere, GER	3.12.1897	8		G�ttingen, Berlin, GER; Pulkowa, RUS; Strasbourg, FRA	x	3" Rr, 3.5" Rr, 4.5" Rr, 6.5" Rr, 9.6" Rr	x
Wirtz	Carl Wilhelm	x	24.8.1876	Krefeld, GER	18.02.1939			Strasbourg, FRA	x	18" Rr	x
Wolf	Charles Joseph Etienne	x	9.11.1827	Vorges, FRA	04.07.1918	f		Paris, FRA		16" Rl, 47.2" Rl
Wolf	Maximilian [Max] Franz Josef Cornelius	x	21.6.1863	Heidelberg, GER	03.10.1932		1112	Heidelberg, GER	x	6" Rr, 16" Rr	x
Young	Charles Augustus	x	15.12.1834	Hanover, N.H.	03.01.1908	1		Halsted Obs./Princeton, N.J.	x	23" Rr	x

Column	Explanation
Surname	The country-specific spelling is used (especially for german persons)
First name	The country-specific spelling is used (especially for german persons); bold = name by which one is called
P	x = Photo available (person, instrument, observatory)
born, died	Date in german style (dd.mm.yyyy)
Birthplace	City, state or country
NGC, IC	Number of discoveries from Historic NGCIC statistics. According to the status (S), only those objects are counted which are first observed by the person, taking into accout all identities (ID)! c, f, i, n = only mentioned as co-discoverer, in table "figures", in the "introduction" or in the "notes"; no entry = otherwise relevant (see link)
Observatory	observatory, country (bold = mentioned by Dreyer)
Instrument	used for observation/discovery: Rr = refractor, Rl = reflector (bold = mentioned by Dreyer); something like "(14ft)" means 14 ft focal lengths.

Explanations of columns

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